Hair waving



Aug. 6, 1929. .1. MAYER HAIR WAVING APPLIANCE AND METHOD Original FiledMarch 19. 1925 quvsmoa ATTORNEY improved apparatus for permanent wavingReisaued Aug. 6, 1929.

UNITED STATES JOSE! MAYER, OF KARLSBAD, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

HAIB-WAVING APPLIANCE AND METHOD.

Original No. 1,622,857, dated March 29, 1927,

April 9, 1924. Divided and application filed for reissue filed March 11,1929. Serial No.

This invention relates to the waving of hair upon the human head, andmore particularly to the production of lasting waves such as are knownas permanent waves.

An object of this invention is to provide which will of hair.

Another object is to provide improved apparatus which will be easilymanipulated and eflicient in operation.

Another object is to provide an improved method of waving hair whichwill be eifective in results and simple in performance.

Other objects will hereinafter appear.

The invention will be better understood from a description of apparatusconstituting one practical embodiment of part of said invention and ofthe process performed by this apparatus constituting one practicalembodiment of another part of said invention, the apparatus beingillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is afragmentary side elevation of a portion of a persons scalp with onestrand of hair engaged by two clamps.

Figure 2 is a similar view showing the strands Wound upon a curling rodand covered with covering material and an electric heater, parts beingshown in cross section.

Figure 3 is a plan view of one of the clamps illustrated above.

Figure 4 is a. perspective view of the curler rod or tube;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3 but showing the other clamp used;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a perforated metal holder.

There are at present two styles of permanent hair curling or hair wavingin use. In one a strand of hair is coiled lrom the root helically upon acurling rod, whilst in the other, the hair strands are wound from thefree end, turn upon turn, upon a curler, the hair in the former casebeing bunched together to form a substantially round strand and in thelatter casespread out more or less in the same plane to form a flatstrand. After windin upon the curler the hair is in both cases subjectedto the action of a suitable heating device to impart permanency to thecurl in the case of the first process and to the wave in the secondcase. p

The heating device for permanent curling treat a fiat spirally woundstrand Serial No. 16,784, filed March 19, 1925,

September 14, 1926, Serial No. 135,439. Application 346,174.

and in Germany generally consists of a sleeve like heating body, adaptedto be passed over the curler when wound with hair and either left openor closed at its ends during the heating process. Such a sleeve likeheating device can, however, not be used in the case of the waving of aflat hair strand inasmuch as the hair extending between the curler andthe head along the length of the curler prevents its application to thecurler.

Apparatus is provided as shown in the accompanying drawings in which 1,indicates an inner clamp and 2, an outer clamp. The strand of hair 3 isseparated from the remaining hair and then the clamp 1 applied. Thisholds the strand 3 substantially at right angles to the scalp whereby itmay receive further treatment as hereinafter fully described.

The clamp 1 consists of a pair of bars or plates 4 and 5 which may befibre, metal or other comparatively stifl' material. Each of these barsis covered with a covering of cloth 6 which may be a good grade offlannel. This covering is permanently arranged in place and may be, ifdesired, saturated with a treating solution. A rubber band 7 ispreferably connected permanently to one end of the bars 4 and 5 so as toact as a hinge while a removable rubber band 8 is associated with theopposite end and acts to produce a final clamping action for holding theclamp 1 in place.

The clamp 1 holds the strand 3 properly for further treatment but inorder to further screen the head from the heater in the final treatment,the second clamp 2 is used, which in addition to screening, acts toclamp the hair 3 tightly so that little or no vapor can pass along thehair to the scalp.

The clamp 2 consists of plates or bars 9 and 10 preferably of metal,each bar being shown as rovided with a suitable covering. Prefera 1y, apermanentl positioned asbestos covering 11 is provided for each of theba rs 9 and 10 and overthis asbestos wrapping is arranged a wrapping 12of cloth which is preferably a good grade of flannel. These wrap= pin sare left on the plates 9 and 10, thou h if esired, they may be slitlongitudinal y therefrom at any time in order that the same may berepaired or new ones supplied. In treating the hair, the flannel 12 ispreferably saturated with a treating solution.

It will be noted that bar 9 is provided with a notched or stepped end 13for receiving a link 14 which is pivotally mounted on the bar 10. At'theopposite end, a clevis bolt 15 is pivotally mounted on an extension 16of bar 10 and projects through a suitable aperture in an extension 17 ofbar 9. A spring 18 surrounds the shank from the bolt 15 and is put underthe proper tension by nut 19 threaded onto the end bolt 15. Thisarrangement gives a resilient gripping action, and by arranging the link14 on the desired step 125, the bars 9 and 10 may he kept parallel andmaintain the strand 3 flat and under compression throughout its fullwidth. Preferably, the tension on spring 18 is sullicienl to cause thebars 9 and 10 to firmly grip the strand 3 and in a certain sense, sealthe same against the passage of vapor toward the scalp.

The use of the clamp 2 is important in that it prevents the hot vaporsfrom passing toward the head when the heater in use.

After the parts have been arranged as described, the outer end of thestrand 3 is placed beneath the tongue or gripping sl rip 20 pivotallymounted at 20' on a curling rod or tube 21 which is of less diameter atthe center than at the ends, and which tapers from the ends toward thecenter. After the strand of hair 3 has been clamped by tongue 20, thecurler 2i is rotated until the hair is rolled on the curler tosubstantially the position shown in Figure 2. A wrapping 22 of flannelis then applied and with it a solution of any desired kind as forinstance a mixture of water, iii-carbonate of soda and carbonate ofmagnesia, and over this wrapping a second wrapping 23 of waxed paper isapplied, the waxed paper being longer than the curler 21 so that theends may be twisted for completely enclosing the hair. The waxed paperwith its various coverings acts to hold the vapor within the rolled hairand thereby act thereon so that the hair will be given a substantiallypermanent curvature or wave.

In order to reenforce and protect the waxed paper a covering 24 ofparchment is applied over the paper and finally a metallic clampingmember 25 is applied over the parchment as shown in Figure 2. The member25 is perforated and is resilient so that it can be readily sprung intoposition and will some what grip the roll of hair.

A heater is next applied substantially in the position indicated inFigure 2. This heater is of the type shown in my patent No. 1,619,794and extends for the full length of the curler red. It consists of twoarcuate shells 26 and 27 which contain electrical heating elements (notshown), the shells being rovided with pivoted handles 28 urged apart y aspring 29 which causes the shells to grip the wrapped coil of hair. Theelectric current is then turned on and the hair subjected to heat andthe moisture of the above mentioned solution to produce the permanentwave desired.

After the heat has been applied for the desired time the heater isremoved and the various parts shown in Figure 2 are removed. The hair ispreferably then combed out straight and finally allowed to fall intowaves.

\Vhile I have described the above embodiment of my invention in someparticularity, it is obvious that many other embodiments will readilyoccur to those skilled in this art and I do not therefore limit myselfto the specilic details described but claim as my invention allembodiments thereof l'alling within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A process for producing permanent waves including winding fiatstrands of hair on tubular members, covering the wound hair with clothimpregnated with a hair treating solution, enclosing the cloth in waxpaper, sealing the ends of the wax paper, covering the wax paper with atprotecting covering of parchment, positioning a metallic flexiblerelainer over said parchment, and finally applying heat to saidretainer, said heat being sullieient to penetrate said coverings and thewound hair.

:2. The process of producing permanent waves comprising applying a clampto a strand of hair for holding the same in position for treatment,applying a second clamp for preventing vapor from passing from the outerpart of the hair to the roots, rolling the hair on a supporting member,covering the rolled hair with a substantially waterproof coveringmember, positioning a metallic flexible retainer over said coveringmember, and finally applying heat to said retainer, said heat beingsufficient to penetrate said covering member and the hair while woundand covered. 7

3. A permanent hair waving apparatus comprising a pair of superimposedclamps for clamping a strand of hair near the base, means for windingthe hair so that the axis of the wound hair will be substantiallyparallel with that part of the head from which the hair extends, waxedcovering means for covering the wound hair, and a flexible metallicretainer arranged over said covering means, said holder being adapted toreceive a heater for heating the hair while wound.

4. In a permanent hair waving apparatus a pair of flat bars for grippinga flat strand of hair, heat resisting means covering each of said bars,a liquid absorbing member covering said heat resisting means, aresilient hinge connecting said bars together adjacent one end, one ofsaid bars being formed on the end opposite said hinge with a steppedformation, and an adjustable link carried by the other of said bars andadapted to fit nected together at one end and against said steppedformation for connecting the opposite ends of said bars together.

5. A hair engaging clamp comprising two elongated heat insulated barspivotally condetachably "connected together at the other end.

6. A hair engaging clam comprising two straight flat b'ars connecte atone end by a pivot normal to their broad surfaces and' latching meansfor detachably connecting the other ends of said bars.

7. A hair engaging clamp comprising two straight flat heat Insulatedbars connected toether at one end' by a ivot normal to their roadsurfaces and a; atch detachably and gdjustably connecting the other endsof said ars.

8. The'process of waving hair upon the human head which comprisesdividing the 0 hair into flat strandsygripping one strand adjacent thescalp of the wearer with a clamp, winding said strand spirally from itsend to near said clamp upon a rod covering said strand with absorbentmaterial containing hair treating solution next covering said strand andmaterial with a moisture retaining envelope, and then applying heat tosaid strand.

9; The process of waving hair upon the human head which comprisesdividing the hair against said stepped formation for connectjacent thescalp of the wearer with a clamp, winding said strand from its end tonear said clamp upon a rod, treating said strand with a solution andenclosing the strand in a substantially moisture tight envelope,covering said envelo 0 with a sectional heater extending to said clamp,and then causing said heater to apply heat to said strand.

10. The process of waving hair upon the human head which comprisesgripping a fiat strand of hair adjacent to the scalp with a moisturetight clam winding said strand spirall from its en upon a rod nearlywith moisturein a moisture retaining envelope, enclosing said strand andenvelope within a heater extending about the same to the clamp,'and thencausing the heater to supply heat to the strand.

11. A clamp for retaining a flat strand of hair adjacent'the scalp whichcomprises two elongated bars, means for clamping the bars together aboutthe strand in substantially parallel arrangement, and insulationinterposed between the bars and the scalpto prevent the transfer of heattherebetween.

In. witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 16 day ofFebruary, A. D., 1929.

J OSEF MAYER.

to. said c amp, enclosing said strand together CERTIFICATE OFCORRECTION.-

Reissue Patent No. 17,393. Granted August 6, 1929, to

JOSEF MAYER.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 3,claim 9, strike out line 3, and insert instead "into flat strands,surrounding one strand ad-"; and that the said Letters Patent should beread with this correction therein that the same may conform to therecord of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealedv this 10th day of September, A. D. 1929.

M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

